Q1. PLD stands for:

A) Programmable Logic Device
B) Parallel Logic Device
C) Primary Logic Device
D) Process Logic Device

Answer: A) Programmable Logic Device

Explanation:
PLD is a digital device whose logic function can be programmed by the user.

Q2. PLA stands for:

A) Programmable Logic Array
B) Parallel Logic Array
C) Primary Logic Array
D) Pulse Logic Array

Answer: A) Programmable Logic Array

Explanation:
PLA is used to implement combinational logic functions.

Q3. PAL stands for:

A) Programmable Array Logic
B) Parallel Array Logic
C) Primary Array Logic
D) Pulse Array Logic

Answer: A) Programmable Array Logic

Explanation:
PAL is a type of PLD with programmable AND array and fixed OR array.

Q4. FPGA stands for:

A) Field Programmable Gate Array
B) Fast Programmable Gate Array
C) Fixed Programmable Gate Array
D) Field Program Gate Area

Answer: A) Field Programmable Gate Array

Explanation:
FPGA is a highly flexible programmable logic device used for complex digital systems.

Q5. CPLD stands for:

A) Complex Programmable Logic Device
B) Common Programmable Logic Device
C) Central Programmable Logic Device
D) Compact Programmable Logic Device

Answer: A) Complex Programmable Logic Device

Explanation:
CPLD combines multiple PLD blocks into one chip.

Q6. PLD is mainly used for:

A) Fixed logic design
B) User-defined logic design
C) Voltage conversion
D) Signal amplification

Answer: B) User-defined logic design

Explanation:
PLDs allow designers to program logic according to their requirements.

Q7. In PLA:

A) AND and OR both are programmable
B) Only AND is programmable
C) Only OR is programmable
D) Neither is programmable

Answer: A) AND and OR both are programmable

Explanation:
This makes PLA more flexible than PAL.

Q8. In PAL:

A) AND and OR both programmable
B) AND programmable, OR fixed
C) AND fixed, OR programmable
D) Both fixed

Answer: B) AND programmable, OR fixed

Explanation:
PAL has less flexibility than PLA but is faster.

Q9. Which is more flexible?

A) PAL
B) PLA
C) Decoder
D) Counter

Answer: B) PLA

Explanation:
Because both AND and OR arrays are programmable.

Q10. Which is generally faster?

A) PLA
B) PAL
C) ROM
D) RAM

Answer: B) PAL

Explanation:
PAL is faster due to fixed OR array.

Q11. FPGA mainly contains:

A) Logic gates and interconnections
B) Resistors only
C) Capacitors only
D) Counters only

Answer: A) Logic gates and interconnections

Explanation:
FPGA contains programmable logic blocks and routing paths.

Q12. FPGA is used for:

A) Complex system design
B) Simple arithmetic only
C) Voltage regulation
D) Audio output only

Answer: A) Complex system design

Explanation:
FPGA is widely used in processors, communication systems, and embedded systems.

Q13. CPLD is between:

A) PAL and FPGA
B) ROM and RAM
C) Counter and Register
D) ADC and DAC

Answer: A) PAL and FPGA

Explanation:
CPLD offers more complexity than PAL and less than FPGA.

Q14. Reprogrammable logic is a feature of:

A) PLD
B) Relay
C) Transformer
D) Inductor

Answer: A) PLD

Explanation:
Logic can be modified after manufacturing.

Q15. Fixed logic devices are less:

A) Expensive
B) Flexible
C) Reliable
D) Useful

Answer: B) Flexible

Explanation:
Fixed logic cannot be changed once manufactured.

Q16. Example of fixed logic device:

A) FPGA
B) PLA
C) Standard logic gate IC
D) CPLD

Answer: C) Standard logic gate IC

Explanation:
Ordinary ICs like 7400 have fixed functions.

Q17. FPGA is preferred when:

A) Logic changes frequently
B) No logic required
C) Only analog design needed
D) No programming needed

Answer: A) Logic changes frequently

Explanation:
FPGA can be reprogrammed many times.

Q18. PAL is better than PLA in:

A) Flexibility
B) Speed
C) Programming complexity
D) Number of gates

Answer: B) Speed

Explanation:
Because PAL uses fixed OR array.

Q19. PLA is better than PAL in:

A) Speed
B) Flexibility
C) Cost
D) Simplicity only

Answer: B) Flexibility

Explanation:
PLA allows more customization.

Q20. PLD reduces:

A) Circuit complexity
B) Memory size
C) Voltage
D) Current only

Answer: A) Circuit complexity

Explanation:
Instead of many ICs, one programmable device can be used.

Q21. FPGA configuration is stored using:

A) Programming bits
B) Voltage source
C) Resistors
D) Analog signals

Answer: A) Programming bits

Explanation:
These bits define the logic function and routing.

Q22. CPLD usually uses:

A) Multiple PAL-like blocks
B) One resistor
C) One comparator
D) Only memory cells

Answer: A) Multiple PAL-like blocks

Explanation:
This increases logic capacity.

Q23. PLDs are useful in:

A) Prototyping
B) Embedded systems
C) Digital design
D) All of these

Answer: D) All of these

Explanation:
PLDs are used in many digital applications.

Q24. FPGA can implement:

A) Sequential logic only
B) Combinational logic only
C) Both combinational and sequential logic
D) Analog circuits only

Answer: C) Both combinational and sequential logic

Explanation:
FPGA supports full digital system design.

Q25. PAL is less costly because:

A) Less flexibility
B) More power
C) More memory
D) More delay

Answer: A) Less flexibility

Explanation:
Simpler structure reduces manufacturing cost.

Q26. A major advantage of FPGA is:

A) Reusability
B) Fixed design
C) High heat only
D) Low memory

Answer: A) Reusability

Explanation:
It can be programmed and reused many times.

Q27. Which PLD is best for large complex systems?

A) PAL
B) PLA
C) FPGA
D) ROM

Answer: C) FPGA

Explanation:
FPGA provides very high logic capacity.

Q28. Which device is best for simple combinational logic?

A) PAL
B) FPGA
C) Hard disk
D) DRAM

Answer: A) PAL

Explanation:
PAL is suitable for smaller and faster logic implementation.

Q29. PLD design reduces:

A) PCB size
B) Number of ICs
C) Wiring complexity
D) All of these

Answer: D) All of these

Explanation:
One programmable chip can replace many separate ICs.

Q30. Modern digital systems widely use:

A) FPGA
B) Vacuum tubes
C) Relay circuits
D) Manual switches

Answer: A) FPGA

Explanation:
FPGA is highly popular in modern digital electronics and VLSI systems.